IB Marine Science Standard Level (SL) Practice Exam

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• Which microorganisms are primarily responsible for oxidizing ammonium to nitrite and nitrite to nitrate in the nitrogen cycle?
• A pattern of wind circulation that changes with the season. Also the rainy season in areas with monsoon wind patterns.
• Which microscopic plankton has a silica-based skeleton and is used in paleoceanography as indicators?
• Which term refers to the capacity to do work or drive biological processes?
• Which term is a phylum of marine invertebrates that includes starfish and sea urchins?
• Which term describes animals whose body temperature varies with the environment?
• The relatively light crystal rock forming continents with density about 2.7 g/cm^3 is called?
• What is the innermost layer of Earth, primarily iron with nickel?
• ENSO stands for which of the following?
• What sediment forms directly by precipitation from seawater and is hydrogenous?
• The arrangement of individuals in a population across the landscape?
• Which coloration strategy involves resembling the background to avoid detection?
• Which process best explains the formation of an atoll?
• Which feature is the elevated boundary at the active spreading center where oceanic plates move apart, often described as a mid-ocean ridge?
• Which term describes a fracture in a rock mass along which movement has occurred?
• Which term denotes the transfer of heat through matter by direct particle contact between molecules?
• Which term describes a tsunami caused by displacement of the earth along a fault?
• Which term denotes the steep, eroded face that can remain on a beach after shoreline retreat?
• A coastline characterized by strong wave action and powerful coastal erosion processes is known as what?
• Which term describes the periodic shedding of the exoskeleton in arthropods and some other invertebrates?
• Which organism is commonly classified as macroplankton?
• Which term indicates sediments derived from the erosion of land and deposited on the continental shelf?
• The oxygen minimum zone is best described as which of the following?
• What term describes carbon-containing organic compounds dissolved in water?
• Which class includes squid and octopus?
• A surface current flowing in the opposite direction from an adjacent surface current.
• In the Ekman Spiral, the surface layer drifts at what angle to the wind in the Northern Hemisphere?
• A group of individuals of the same species living in a given area?
• The term for a drifting, free-swimming organism at the base of the plankton, sometimes used to describe larvae or small organisms, is?
• Backshore is the part of the shore that is:
• The term for the acoustic navigation system that maps the sea floor by emitting sound pulses?
• Which tide is caused by gravitational and inertial interaction of the moon and Earth?
• Electrons location.
• Which term describes the rapid, high-energy impact waves have on shore organisms?
• Which term describes the energy required to change a solid to a liquid at the melting point without a temperature change?
• Which term refers to the foamy water that rushes toward shore after a wave breaks?
• Which term denotes sediment formed when minerals precipitate within the water and accumulate on the seafloor?
• Which atmospheric circulation cell lies closest to the equator in each hemisphere, with rising air near the equator and sinking at about 30 degrees latitude?
• Which term best describes the horizontal movement of surface water driven by wind?
• What is the term for the mass movement of air?
• Which equation expresses the velocity of shallow-water waves as the square root of gravity times depth?
• Which wind system consists of surface winds in Ferrel cells near 45 degrees latitude, blowing from the southwest in the Northern Hemisphere and from the northwest in the Southern Hemisphere?
• In ecology, which term best describes living components such as producers, consumers, and predators that influence an ecosystem?
• Which distribution pattern is most commonly observed in patches where resources are unevenly distributed?
• Which group performs photosynthesis and forms the base of most marine food webs in the sunlit zone?
• Which term denotes sediment of biological origin, consisting of calcareous or siliceous residues?
• In which ocean layer is dissolved oxygen commonly at its lowest in many regions?
• Which term denotes the group of green algae?
• Which term denotes a taxonomic level used in classification that groups related organisms?
• What term denotes the rate at which producers generate biomass in an ecosystem?
• Which term describes the arrangement of biological classification into ranked levels, such as kingdom, phylum, and class?
• Which term is specifically associated with extremely long wavelengths generated by sudden sea floor displacement, often in open ocean?
• The point on Earth's surface directly above the focus of an earthquake.
• Vertebrata refers to animals with what characteristic?
• Which term refers to the phylum that includes all vertebrates?
• Which term describes a group of organisms that can interbreed to produce fertile offspring?
• Which circulation is driven by density differences arising from temperature and/or salinity?
• A current flowing beneath a surface current, usually in the opposite direction.
• Which term refers to sediment derived from extraterrestrial sources such as microtektites?
• What global sea-level change is caused by overall changes in water volume and land ice, affecting coastlines worldwide?
• Which phylum includes jellyfish, corals, and sea anemones?
• Which landform is formed at a river mouth by sediment deposition, often expanding into a fan-shaped area?
• Climax community is best described as?
• Which term describes a marine plant that forms beds in shallow coastal waters?
• Which term describes the rapid energy impact of breaking waves on coastal organisms?
• What instrument is used to obtain long, continuous sediment cores from the seabed?
• Which term describes a sea urchin's taxonomic classification?
• Which term refers to algae that are unicellular?
• Which marine zone extends from the low tide line to the edge of the continental shelf?
• Which structure is designed to protect harbor entrances by dissipating approaching waves?
• Which term captures the ecological role of an organism, including resources used and interactions?
• Any energetic extratropical cyclone that sweeps the eastern seaboard of North America in winter.
• Which common zooplankton crustacean is widely found in marine ecosystems and important in food webs?
• What term describes periodic short-term change in the ocean surface height at a location, caused by gravitational force and inertia?
• Which organisms carry out denitrification, converting nitrates into nitrogen gas in anaerobic conditions?
• In sonar, the region where acoustic signals are not received due to refraction is called?
• Which field of study investigates past ocean conditions such as circulation and climate?
• The Oxygen Revolution refers to the rise of oxygen in Earth's atmosphere and oceans primarily due to
• What term names the view that Earth’s surface features were formed by catastrophic events rather than slow, gradual processes?
• The horizontal flow of water at the ocean's surface.
• Which term denotes the phylum consisting of animals with pore-bearing bodies and no true tissues?
• Which term refers to jawless fishes?
• Which description best characterizes a climax community?
• The attraction between like molecules that contributes to water's surface tension is known as?
• Which coastal zone lies between the high-tide line and the low-tide line?
• What characterizes a Partially Mixed Estuary?
• What term is used for the resistance experienced by a moving organism in water?
• Pycnocline definition.
• What is the imaginary line at 0 degrees latitude called in geography, equidistant from both poles?
• Which phylum includes insects, arachnids, and crustaceans?
• Acoustical Tomography senses differences in which properties to study ocean structure?
• Isostatic Equilibrium is best described as the balanced support of lighter material in a heavier, displaced supporting matrix; analogous to buoyancy.
• An extratropical cyclone forms at the front between which two atmospheric cells?
• What is the transfer of heat through matter by direct particle-to-particle contact called?
• A device that reflects sound off the ocean bottom to sense water depth; accuracy affected by speed of sound in water.
• Which term best describes sediment composed of the calcareous shells of marine microorganisms such as foraminifera?
• What term describes a single closed-flow circuit of rising warm material and falling cool material?
• Which term describes the sequential replacement of species in an ecosystem after a disturbance?
• Which term refers to sediment formed by minerals precipitated directly from seawater?
• Which term describes the total energy expenditure of an organism over time?
• Which term describes the ability of a substance to store thermal energy, defined as the amount of heat required to raise its temperature by 1°C?
• Which feeding method involves filtering small particles suspended in water?
• Which term describes the organisms that convert inorganic carbon into organic matter using light energy?
• Which term describes the layer of the ocean where the sound channel exists, enabling long-range acoustic propagation?
• Which term stands for the depth at which calcium carbonate begins to dissolve faster than it accumulates?
• Which feature is formed by wave erosion that creates hollow spaces in a cliff?
• Which term is used to describe the group of organisms capable of interbreeding and producing fertile offspring?
• A tidal cycle of two high tides and two low tides each lunar day, with the high tides of nearly equal height.
• Which class includes starfish and sea urchins?
• Which term denotes a long-term biological interaction between two species living in close proximity?
• Which ocean depth zone is typically the deep, dark zone from about 4000 to 6000 meters?
• What term describes the gradually sloping submerged extension of a continent, composed of granitic rock overlain by sediments, with features similar to the edge of the nearby continent?
• Which boundary forms where plates push together and mountain ranges, island arcs, and trenches form?
• The number of individuals per unit area or volume?
• Which term describes the vertical distance between the crest and trough of a wave?
• A wave in which energy travels in one direction along the surface.
• What term refers to the crest of the wave causing tides; not a tsunami or seismic sea wave?
• Polar Molecule description.
• Which term is the line along which waters of different density converge, forming the boundaries between climate zones?
• What is the term for vertical movement in surface water caused by wind?
• Which unicellular organism forms calcium carbonate shells and is widely used as a proxy in paleontology?
• Which zone is the twilight layer of the ocean where there is some light but not enough for photosynthesis?
• Which term describes a body of seawater with relatively uniform properties that moves as a unit?
• Which group includes gentle aquatic herbivores like manatees and dugongs?
• The sessile, vase-shaped body form seen in cnidarians is called a what?
• Which term specifically refers to reef-building corals?
• Which coastal setting is primarily built up by sediment deposition, creating broad beaches and lagoons?
• Region where plates are moving apart and new ocean or rift valley forms; spreading center forms the junction.
• Which term best describes mature wind-generated waves that have traveled away from their generation area?
• Which coastal feature is a steep face formed by the retreat of the beach due to erosion?
• Which unit is used to measure energy content in food?
• Which surface wind pattern forms within the Hadley cells around 15 degrees latitude, blowing from the northeast in the Northern Hemisphere and from the southeast in the Southern Hemisphere?
• In a Salt Wedge Estuary, the interface between saltwater and freshwater is typically:
• In temperate oceans, a pronounced thermocline is most likely found in which depth range during warm seasons?
• Which term describes a coastline dominated by erosion, featuring cliffs and sea-cut platforms?
• What circulation pattern describes the rise of deep, cold, nutrient-rich water to the surface?
• What term describes the specialized aerial roots used by mangroves to facilitate gas exchange?
• Which term describes the broad taxonomic category under which organisms are classified in the traditional Linnaean system?
• The submerged outer edge of a continent, made of granitic crust; includes the continental shelf and continental slope.
• What term refers to the hard, fibrous substance in the exoskeletons of arthropods and cell walls of fungi?
• During embryonic development in most vertebrates, the notochord is replaced by which structure?
• What is the buoyant organ found in some large brown algae that helps maintain vertical position?
• What term describes the depth where photosynthesis balances respiration in the water column?
• Which factor most strongly affects the viscosity of seawater?
• Which term best describes a distribution where individuals are evenly spaced due to spacing mechanisms?
• In a marine food web, which trophic level includes organisms that feed on primary producers?
• Which term describes the deflection of moving objects caused by Earth's rotation, with no effect at the equator?
• Which current is a weak, cold, diffuse, slow-moving current at the Eastern boundary, examples include the Canary and Humboldt currents?
• What is the long-term average of weather in a given area?
• What term refers to the length of time the wind blows over the ocean surface, a factor in wind wave development?
• Which term is used to denote carbon-containing organic material dissolved in water?
• Which term refers to baleen whales that filter feed?
• Which feature is a curved chain of volcanic islands and seamounts that forms parallel to the edge of a trench?
• Which term describes sediment originating from continental erosion and river transport?
• Which phylum includes animals with a dorsal hollow nerve cord at some life stage?
• Which organism is a photosynthetic prokaryote known for oxygenic photosynthesis in marine environments?
• Which term describes a close, long-term interaction between two different species?
• An unusual rise in sea level as a result of the low atmospheric pressure and strong winds associated with a tropical cyclone. Onrushing sea water proceeds landfall and causes most of the damage to life and property.
• What defines a molecule?
• Liquid or solid water that falls from the air and reaches the surface as rain, hail, or snowfall.
• Ascending columns of superheated mantle originating at the core-mantle boundary.
• Which term describes the rigid outer layer of Earth including crust and uppermost mantle?
• Which property describes the cohesive force at the air-water interface, affecting droplet formation?
• Which term denotes the energy input that starts wave formation?
• In an atom, the nucleus contains?
• In the Hadley cell, where does air rise and where does it sink?
• Which symmetry type is common in cnidarians and echinoderms?
• Refraction concept.
• What is the approximate density of Antarctic Bottom Water?
• Which structure anchors seaweeds to the substrate?
• Which mammalian order includes dogs, cats, and seals?
• Which term refers to a bottom current made up of dense water that flows around seabed projections?
• Which crust type is predominantly composed of granitic rocks and forms the landmasses?
• Which term describes the density, typically expressed in grams per cubic centimeter?
• Which term is used for the speed at which the energy in a wave group travels?
• The dominant force trying to return water to flatness after formation of a wave.
• A time of no tide-induced currents that occurs when the current changes direction.
• Which term refers to a solution with equal solute concentration inside and outside the cell?
• Which zone in aquatic environments is the upper layer where light supports photosynthesis?
• Which term describes the deep ocean zone associated with trenches?
• Which phenomenon describes the large circuit of air driven by uneven solar heating and the Coriolis effect, with three circulation cells forming in each hemisphere?
• Pendulum-like rocking of water in an enclosed area; a form of standing wave that can be caused by meteorological or seismic forces.
• Which group includes all mammals?
• Which current study method relies on the movement of a drift bottle or other free-floating object?
• Environmental resistance refers to:
• Which landform is a deep, glacially carved inlet with high, steep walls or valleys?
• Which term describes the body of a seaweed that is not differentiated into true roots, stems, or leaves?
• Which term describes a body of shallow water behind a barrier such as a sand spit or coral reef?
• Proton placement.
• Curving chain of volcanic islands and seamounts almost always found paralleling the concave edge of a trench.
• What term is the difference in height between consecutive high and low tides?
• Which term best describes the collective community of drifting organisms in the ocean, including plants and animals?
• The low-water position corresponding to a tidal trough is called
• Which sensory system detects water movement along the body in fishes?
• What is the term for a localized, narrow, violent funnel of wind formed when two air masses collide?
• Which term would most accurately describe a microorganism that thrives in extremely hot environments?
• What term describes the increase in speed of geostrophic currents as they pass along the western boundary of an ocean basin?
• What term describes a standing wave in which there is no net transfer of energy?
• Which phylum consists of sponges with no true tissues?
• Which oceanographic term describes a vertical layer where salinity changes rapidly with depth?
• Which current is a strong, warm, concentrated, fast-moving current at the western boundary of an ocean basin (for example around the Gulf Stream or Kuroshio)?
• What is the strong western boundary current of the North Atlantic, off the Atlantic coast of the United States?
• A wave in which the water is deeper than one-half of its wavelength is termed a...
• Which term describes a progressive wave occurring at the boundary between liquids of different densities?
• Which coastal zone lies between the high and low tide marks and is frequently sculpted by wave action?
• A shallow coastal water body that is separated from the open sea by a barrier is called what?
• Which term describes the network of feeding relationships showing who eats whom in an ecosystem?
• Which term refers to the equatorial ITCZ, the region where the trade winds converge?
• Which depth zone is commonly defined as between 1000 and 4000 meters?
• A breaking wave whose crest slides down the face is called what?
• Which term denotes the process of moving substances across a membrane with energy, often against a gradient?
• What is the term for the small net transport of water in the direction of a traveling wind wave?
• Which term denotes a group of red algae?
• Which coastal landform is created by wave erosion at the base of cliffs, forming a flat bench?
• The discovery and study of submerged contours is called what?
• Which coastal feature is formed primarily by longshore drift transporting sand parallel to the coast?
• Which term refers to segmentation in animals?
• Which reef forms directly along the coastline in shallow tropical waters, often extending from the shore?
• Which term denotes the reflection of progressive waves by a vertical barrier?
• Which term describes the height-to-wavelength ratio representing the theoretical maximum steepness in shallow water?
• What term refers to the envelope of gases surrounding a planet?
• Which term describes an external skeleton found in arthropods and some mollusks?
• What is the term for the gently sloping sandy shore that forms along a coastline?
• Which term refers to warm carbonate sand grains formed by ooids?
• What term refers to something that can satisfy hunger and provide energy?
• Which organism is able to produce organic matter from inorganic sources using light or chemical energy?
• Which term is a graph showing the relationship of temperature and salinity with depth?
• Which term describes an organism that can tolerate a wide range of temperatures?
• Turbulence in the ocean primarily drives which process?
• What term describes a spring of hot, mineral- and gas-rich seawater found on some oceanic ridges?
• Which feature best defines a Sandbar?
• In the Ekman Spiral, deeper layers drift progressively to which direction relative to the surface flow in the Northern Hemisphere?
• Which term describes a drifting, free-floating organism that is a member of the plankton group?
• What is the uninterrupted distance over which the wind blows without a significant change in direction?
• Which ocean zone is the deepest, generally dark and cold, roughly from 4000 to 6000 meters?
• Which term best describes the study of how biological traits change over generations within populations?
• Which term describes the global-scale pattern of air movement that includes three circulation cells per hemisphere?
• Which term refers to organisms that tolerate only a narrow range of temperatures?
• Which term refers to multicellular organisms in the animal kingdom?
• Cohesion of water contributes to which property?
• Which term serves as a long-term reference for sea surface height, representing the average over many years?
• Which term refers to the energy required to convert a liquid to a gas at its boiling point?
• Which sediment grain size category ranges from 0.0625 to 2 millimeters?
• In a marine food web, what term describes an organism that eats primary producers?
• In ecological terms, a defined region within an ecosystem, such as littoral or sublittoral, is called a ...
• What is the term for the confused mass of agitated water rushing shoreward after a wind wave breaks?
• What is the theoretical maximum height attainable by ocean waves given wind strength, duration, and fetch?
• Which term describes a factor that limits population growth or distribution in an environment?
• Which sediment is finer than sand and commonly forms in calm water conditions?
• A Sea Island is typically formed by:
• What term describes the separation of wind waves by wavelength as they move away from the fetch?
• Which sediment is defined as sediment of biological origin formed from calcareous or siliceous debris?
• Which process describes heat transfer in fluids by the bulk movement of the fluid itself?
• Teleostei are a subgroup within which larger vertebrate group?
• Which term would you use to describe a barrier–oriented construction that intercepts longshore drift and creates a sheltered water behind it, often requiring maintenance?
• Which process uses chemical energy to synthesize organic matter, typical in hydrothermal vent ecosystems?
• Which term refers to the number of crests passing a fixed point per second?
• Barrier Reefs are described as:
• A deep, V-shaped valley running roughly perpendicular to the shoreline and cutting across the edge of the continental shelf and slope.
• Which term describes reef-building corals that secrete calcium carbonate skeletons?
• What term describes the number of wave crests passing a fixed point per unit time?
• Which term refers to a disturbance caused by the movement of energy through a medium?
• A surface expression of a plume of magma rising from a stationary heat source in the mantle is called a?
• Which organism is a microscopic plankton with a silica shell, often used in paleoceanography?
• Which term refers to a former order that included terrestrial carnivorans?
• Which field of geology studies layered sedimentary rocks and their relative ages?
• East-to-west or west-to-east current linking the eastern and western boundary currents. An example is the North Equatorial Current.
• In a water molecule, how many types of atoms are present?
• Which term describes the wind-driven wave that forms due to surface wind action?
• Which term describes a sediment particle sized between gravel and silt, commonly forming beaches and deserts?
• Zooxanthellae are crucial to the vitality of which ecosystem?
• Which tide occurs at two-week intervals and involves a maximum difference between high and low tides?
• In shallow water where depth is less than half the wavelength, which transition in particle motion occurs?
• Which landform is formed by wave action carving cliffs and leaving a platform at the base?
• Which term describes an animal that maintains its body temperature through metabolic heat?
• Tunicates are invertebrate marine animals also known as which of the following?
• Ophiuroidea are characterized by
• The height of the ocean surface averaged over a few years is known as what?
• Which term refers to the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in respiration?
• A tide influenced by the weather; storm surge arrival will alter the tide's height or arrival time, as will a strong, steady onshore or offshore wind.
• Which term denotes a parasite-host interaction?
• Which term describes the highest level consumer in a marine food chain that preys on other consumers?
• Which marine zone lies below the intertidal zone and remains underwater at all times, often extending to the continental shelf?
• Circulation pattern in which surface water moves vertically downward.
• Which cycle involves the exchange of carbon among the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms?
• Ecology is defined as the study of:
• Which statement best defines an element?
• Which term describes organisms that live on or at the seabed?
• Which term refers to the sediment composed mainly of clay particles?
• Which term describes an organism that consumes organic matter for energy?
• Which term describes a nutrient that varies with biological activity rather than being transported conservatively by physical processes?
• Which sediment size is finer than sand but coarser than clay?
• In seismology, which type of wave moves through the interior of the Earth rather than along the surface?
• Which term best describes the general land-sea boundary along a shoreline?
• Which term describes marine plants that form underwater meadows in shallow seas?
• Which scientist established the binomial nomenclature system used to name species?
• Which organism is a photosynthetic protist often responsible for red tides?
• The Water-Vascular System is a characteristic feature of which group?
• Which feature corresponds to a small sediment-covered inactive volcano or intrusion of molten rock less than 200 meters high, thought to be associated with seafloor spreading?
• What term refers to the total amount of biomass produced per unit area per unit time by photosynthesis?
• What term describes the average speed of the wind, a factor in wind wave development?
• Which term denotes the layer within the ocean where the sound channel exists and enables long-range propagation?
• Which statement describes a typical feature of Nematoda?
• Which boundary is defined by plates moving apart, forming new ocean crust?
• Which feature consists of rounded masses of metal oxides and hydroxides commonly found on the deep-sea floor?
• Which term is associated with the exchange of gases between an organism and its environment?
• What is the name of the pattern of constructive and destructive interference that causes successive breaking waves to grow and shrink over several minutes?
• What term denotes the outermost cool rigid layer consisting of crust and upper mantle?
• What term describes a long-wavelength, shallow-water wave caused by rapid displacement of water?
• Which phylum is characterized by a water vascular system?
• Which term describes the spatial pattern of individuals with no apparent pattern?
• Which term describes a relationship that is specific to a pair of species and not general?
• Which area is the sheltered, brackish transition zone where a river meets the sea?
• What is the basic unit of matter that defines each element?
• Which rock type forms the seabed crust and has a density of about 2.9 g/cm^3?
• Which term refers to Earth's central solid sphere?
• Which class includes snakes, lizards, and turtles?
• Which term describes the energy required to change a liquid to a gas at its boiling point?
• Which group includes manatees and dugongs?
• Which process is the microbial loop primarily associated with recycling dissolved organic matter in the marine environment?
• Which term is used to name a species by its formal Latin binomial?
• Which theory holds that Earth's surface features were formed by catastrophic events, such as a biblical flood?
• What is the general term for the mass horizontal movement of seawater?
• Which coastal feature is the depression that lies between the shore and offshore longshore bars?
• Which term describes the energy required for a substance to change from a solid to a liquid at its melting point without a change in temperature?
• Which single-celled marine organism forms calcium carbonate shells called tests?
• Which pigment is essential for capturing light energy in photosynthesis?
• What term is the point in the orbit of a satellite where it is farthest from the main body?
• Which term describes the energy stored in chemical bonds and available to do work in living systems?
• Which tiny crustacean forms a major component of Antarctic zooplankton?
• What term describes precipitation and wind produced by the meeting of two air masses associated with an extratropical cyclone, typically with one air mass sliding over or under the other?
• What term describes a 'no-tide' point in the ocean caused by basin resonances, friction, and other factors around which tide crests rotate?
• Teleostei are a major group of which fishes?
• What term refers to a sedimentary deposit formed by a turbidity current?
• Which sediment forms from precipitation of minerals directly from seawater?
• Which term describes the network of feeding relationships in an ecosystem?
• Swash is best described as:
• Which phylum includes snails, clams, and squids?
• Which estuary is specifically a fjord inlet that remains connected to the sea and has a brackish water at its mouth?
• What is the gaseous, invisible form of water?
• Which term refers to the circular movement pattern of water particles at the air-sea interface?
• Which structure is used for gas exchange in many aquatic animals, including fish?
• Which term refers to a sea state with many wavelengths creating a chaotic surface?
• What is the horizontal distance between two successive wave crests (or troughs) in a progressive wave?
• Which distribution pattern is most likely for a marine population when resources are patchy?
• Which zone experiences immersion and exposure due to tides?
• Which term describes marine organisms that produce calcareous plates contributing to carbonate sediments?
• A sudden motion of Earth's crust caused by faulting or volcanic activity.
• Which term describes a dorsal-ventral color pattern that helps camouflage?
• Which device is used to sample sediment from the seafloor and is known as the clamshell sampler?
• Mass flow of water induced by the raising or lowering of sea level owing to passage of tidal crests or troughs.
• Which taxonomic group includes many red seaweed species and is represented by Rhodophyta?
• Which sediment type is characterized by a wide range of grain sizes due to poor sorting?
• The siliceous cell walls of diatoms are called what?
• A chemical bond that involves sharing electrons between two nonmetal atoms is called a covalent bond.
• Which term describes the evolution of similar traits in unrelated species due to similar environmental pressures?
• Which group includes crabs, lobsters, and shrimp?
• Which technique studies ocean structure by emitting low-frequency sound pulses to detect variations in water temperature, salinity, and movement below the surface?
• Which device emits underwater sound and analyzes echoes to gain information on the seabed, biology, or military targets?
• Which term describes a sand or gravel feature that connects an island to the mainland?
• Which term refers to the density measure?
• The brittle, relatively cool outer layer of Earth, consisting of the oceanic and continental crust and the outermost, rigid layer of mantle.
• The point in the orbit of a satellite where it is closest to the sun.
• What term refers to water rushing out of an enclosed harbor or bay because of the fall in sea level as a tide trough approaches?
• Which coastal feature serves as a protective barrier extending into the sea to reduce wave energy at harbors?
• Which term describes organisms that are planktonic only during larval or juvenile stages?
• Which term is the sense used by bats and dolphins to locate objects by emitting sound and listening for echoes?
• What is the largest ocean current that flows permanently eastward around Antarctica?
• A rapid and large increase in plankton biomass, often driven by nutrient upwelling or light, is known as what?
• Which term refers to the farthest point in a satellite's orbit from the Earth?
• Which biological process requires energy to move substances across cell membranes against a gradient?
• A unit of volume transport named in honor of oceanographer Harald U. Sverdrup: 1 million cubic meters of water flowing past a fixed point each second.
• Which term denotes the membranes involved in respiration for aquatic organisms?
• Which subatomic particle carries a negative charge and orbits the nucleus?
• Which statement describes a rip current?
• Which term is a global-scale circulation phenomenon linked to ENSO cycles?
• Which term refers to a sea urchin?
• Which term denotes the deepest oceanic zone, characterized by trenches and extreme pressures?
• The functional role of an organism in its ecosystem?
• Which term denotes sediments that settle through the water column away from coastlines?
• Which sediment type forms from the evaporation of seawater and precipitation of minerals such as halite?
• In biological classification, a phylum is best described as
• Which term refers to a photosynthetic bacteria commonly found in marine environments?
• Cold, dense water formed in the Arctic that flows onto the floor of the North Atlantic Ocean is called?
• Estuaries often contain brackish water due to mixing of
• Which term describes synchronized movement in a coordinated group of fish?
• Which term describes a breaking wave where the crest slides down the front face of the wave?
• Which of the following best describes the Deep Zone in the ocean?
• Which term describes a defined geographic or vertical region within a marine ecosystem?
• The acronym ENSO represents the coupled phenomena of El Niño and which oscillation?
• Molten rock capable of fluid flow; called lava above the ground.
• Which term includes creatures such as snails and slugs?
• Which life stage of cnidarians is free-swimming and bell-shaped?
• What term describes the net transport of water resulting from the Ekman spiral?
• Which cycle involves the movement of carbon among the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms?
• Which tissue forms the skeleton of sharks?
• Which is the outermost solid layer of Earth, the top of the lithosphere?
• What is the name of the theoretical model describing how wind affects surface water and causes depth-varying flow?
• Light bending phenomenon.
• The point in the orbit of a satellite where it is closest to the main body.
• Which term describes sediment of biological origin formed from the accumulation of organic remains such as shells?
• Which term describes a layering where deeper layers are denser than those above?
• Which term describes the rate at which an organism uses energy to sustain life?
• Which term describes the steep transition between continental crust and oceanic crust at the edge of a continent?
• Which organism group includes plants and some bacteria that synthesize their own organic matter?
• What term describes a rapid, global loss of a large number of species?
• Desiccation adaptations help intertidal organisms to:
• Which feature is defined as the equatorial region where the trade winds converge, usually near the meteorological equator?
• Which group includes organisms that can swim actively and move independently of currents?
• Which French scientist (1792-1843) worked out the mathematics of the motion of bodies on a rotating surface, the Coriolis effect?
• During which event does the eastern South Pacific surface temperature drop below average, usually at end of ENSO?
• Which term best describes a mechanical wave that travels through water and is the basis of underwater sound communication?
• Which term describes the ability of a substance to float in a fluid?
• Which term describes heat that changes temperature but does not involve a phase change?
• What is the name for a large tropical cyclone in the North Atlantic or Eastern Pacific with winds exceeding 118 km/h?
• Which distribution pattern describes evenly spaced individuals due to competition or territoriality?
• Which factor characterizes a Partially Mixed Estuary?
• Which group is known for a water vascular system used for movement and feeding?
• What process involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from higher to lower water potential?
• In marine vertebrates, osmoregulation in gills is primarily mediated by which cells?
• Which equipment provides a nadir-free, swath image of the seafloor by emitting side-by-side pings?
• Which term describes the belt of deserts and dry air around 30 degrees latitude, where Sahara is located?
• Which coastal zone lies between high and low tide lines and is regularly wetted by waves?
• What does the acronym CCD stand for in marine geology?
• Which term refers to the detection of objects by emitting sound and listening for echoes?
• The line along which waters of different density converge, forming boundaries between major climate zones?
• Which organisms form the base of the food web by converting inorganic carbon into organic matter?
• Which process increases the frequency of advantageous heritable traits in a population?
• Which zone lies below the low tide line and extends to the edge of the continental shelf, remaining submerged year-round?
• The long-term average of weather in a region is what?
• Which term refers to a tidal cycle with two high tides and two low tides per day, but with unequal heights between high tides?
• Which protist is characterized by a complex cell covering and two flagella?
• The mass per unit volume of a substance, usually expressed in grams per cubic centimeter.
• Which term describes a shell valve in mollusks?
• Which term describes pendulum-like standing waves in enclosed areas?
• Which boundary is characterized by plates colliding and high seismic activity?
• Which concept describes the change in allele frequencies in a population over generations?
• Which term refers to the electromagnetic radiation visible to the human eye?
• Which specialized stinging cell is characteristic of cnidarians?
• What term describes the region at the coast where waves commonly begin to break just offshore?
• Which term refers to organisms that tolerate only a narrow range of salinities?
• Which term refers to a device used to collect plankton from seawater?
• Which term describes Linnaeus's approach to classifying living things into a hierarchical system?
• A wave in water shallower than 1/20 its wavelength is called which type?
• Which term describes sediments derived from erosion of land and deposited on the continental shelf?
• In oceanography, which term describes the upper ocean layer that is well mixed, with relatively uniform properties?
• What is the basic unit of an element that consists of a nucleus and electrons?
• Which organism is a small pelagic mollusk known as a sea butterfly?
• The brown algae, commonly large seaweeds found in temperate coastal waters, belong to which division?
• Which current encircles Antarctica and is driven by westerly winds?
• Which class includes birds?
• Sediment deriving primarily from land erosion and river transport is known as?
• Which system provides a two-dimensional image of the seafloor by recording intensity of returned echoes along a line?
• Which term describes the irregular line of thermal balance near the equator?
• A substance composed of two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions is a compound.
• Which rock type is commonly found in continental crust and is light in color, consisting mainly of quartz and feldspar?
• Which classification system is defined as artificial, based on a few simple criteria rather than evolutionary relationships?
• Deep Scattering Layer refers to?
• A Sea Cliff is best described as:
• What term describes the flat, cold, sediment-covered ocean floor between the continental rise and the oceanic ridge at depths of 3,700 to 5,500 meters?
• In an ecosystem, which factor includes interactions among living organisms such as predation and competition?
• Which scientific discipline classifies organisms into a hierarchical system from kingdoms to species?
• Which term refers to the general category of unconsolidated material at the Earth’s surface, including various grain sizes?
• Which term describes a mass of hot, buoyant mantle material that rises through the mantle and may contribute to hotspot volcanism?
• A reversal of airflow between normally low atmospheric pressure over the western Pacific; the cause of El Nino.
• Identify the term for shallow, wind-driven circulation of water in horizontal spiral bands.
• Which term refers to the physical environment where an organism lives?
• What term describes the total solar energy received by Earth during a period and the total heat lost by reflection and radiation in the same period?
• Which term refers to the phylum that includes sea stars, sea urchins, and sea cucumbers?
• What is a hydrogen bond?
• Which passive process moves molecules from high to low concentration without energy input?
• Which term describes the movement of nitrogen through living systems and the environment?
• Which taxonomic group includes segmented worms such as bristle worms?
• Which term describes the open-ocean environment beyond the continental shelf?
• What term describes a low-pressure weather system in the tropics with winds circulating counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere, which can intensify into hurricanes or typhoons?
• Which taxonomic class includes snails and slugs?
• Which whale suborder includes baleen whales?
• The term describing the physical condition of matter in terms of phases such as solid, liquid, or gas?
• Which term describes organisms anchored to a substrate and do not move?
• What biogeochemical cycle involves the transformations of nitrogen through fixation, nitrification, assimilation, and denitrification?
• Which term describes free-floating organisms that drift with currents and cannot swim against them?
• What is carrying capacity in population ecology?
• Backwash refers to:
• What term describes the current that flows parallel to the shore, generated by waves approaching at an angle?
• Which mollusk class includes clams, mussels, and oysters?
• On shore movement of air as inland air heats and rises.
• Which term refers to organisms that can withstand only a narrow range of temperatures?
• Which term describes organisms with a notochord at some life stage, including humans?
• What term describes the pattern of alternating strong and weak wave heights due to interference, often called a beating pattern?
• Which upwelling occurs when water moving westward near the equator is deflected poleward and replaced by nutrient-rich deep water?
• Photic Zone process.
• Cartilage is best described as which type of tissue?
• Which term represents the solid inorganic material that makes up rocks and sediments?
• Which coastal feature forms across the mouth of a bay and may trap a lagoon behind it?
• Which term describes non-living environmental influences such as temperature, salinity, and light that shape ecological interactions?
• The Shore refers to:
• Photic Zone: Which layer is sunlit for photosynthesis?
• Which term refers to organisms that cannot tolerate significant changes in salinity?
• Young seabed at the active spreading center of an ocean, boundary between diverging plates; often called a mid-ocean ridge, though less than 60% of the length exists at mid-ocean.
• What term describes the cyclic movement of nutrients between living organisms and the physical environment through biological, geological, and chemical processes?
• Which term describes an organism that cannot synthesize its own organic compounds and must obtain energy by consuming others?
• Which term describes a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by chemical means?
• Viscosity is a measure of which property of a fluid?
• A single wave crest much higher than usual due to constructive interference.
• Which type of pigments are non-chlorophyll pigments that expand light absorption range in photosynthesis?
• Which bottom current flows around seabed projections rather than over them?
• Which sediment type is formed by ooids presenting concentric layers around a nucleus?
• Which term is used for the distance between successive wave crests or troughs in a progressive wave?
• Which term refers to energy that is transferred between bodies due to a temperature difference?
• Which principle states that energy transfer or transformation results in increased entropy and less usable energy?
• Zooxanthellae are symbiotic algae that reside in the tissues of which organisms?
• Thermal inertia of an ocean water mass is primarily a function of which factors?
• Which unit is named in honor of Sverdrup?
• What is the term for the circuit of mid-latitude currents around the periphery of an ocean basin?
• A circular or elliptical projection from the seafloor, more than 1 kilometer in height, with a relatively steep slope of 20-25 degrees.
• Kelp refers to which type of organism?
• What is the densest ocean water mass, formed primarily in Antarctica's Weddell Sea during Southern Hemisphere winters?
• Which term denotes the broad, flat, sediment-covered ocean floor located far from continents?
• Which oceanic layer is the twilight zone where there is some light but not enough for photosynthesis?
• Which term describes a feeding method that relies on filtering particles suspended in water?
• What term describes water rushing into an enclosed harbor or bay because of the rise in sea level as a tide crest approaches?
• Which term refers to a shallow coastal water body that is separated from the sea by a barrier such as a sand spit or reef?
• The Deep Zone of the ocean is characterized by?
• Which current is driven by powerful westerly winds north of Antarctica and is the largest of all ocean currents, continuing eastward indefinitely?
• Which landform is a glacial valley that has been flooded by seawater, creating a sea-filled, U-shaped inlet?
• The temperature above which a material loses its magnetism.
• Nighttime offshore breeze moving air from land toward the sea.
• In waves, which type occurs when water depth is greater than half of the wavelength?
• What is the raised ridge at the back of a beach formed by deposited sediments called?
• Which tide is associated with the Sun's gravity rather than the Moon's?
• Which statement best describes environmental resistance?
• Which weather system is a low-pressure area with winds circulating counter-clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere and clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere?
• Which process describes energy being absorbed rather than reflected or transmitted?
• Which term describes a surface current flowing in the opposite direction to an adjacent surface current?
• Which term describes the order of fully aquatic mammals such as whales and dolphins?
• What sampling device is used to recover long, undisturbed sediment cores from the seabed?
• Which term denotes a factor that limits biological processes, growth, or distribution in an environment?
• Which coastal current runs parallel to the shore and is driven by waves arriving at an angle?
• Which term describes manganese-rich rock particles found on the ocean floor?
• The formation of layers in a material, with deeper layers denser than above.
• Which statement best describes a Sea Cave?
• Which coastal landform develops at a river mouth through the accumulation of sediments to form a fan-shaped area?
• What term describes a progressive wave free of the forces that formed it?
• Which term describes a body symmetry with a central axis?
• A coastline characterized by gentle waves and minimal sediment transport is described as what?
• Biodiversity refers to which of the following?
• In photosynthesis, pigments other than chlorophyll that broaden the range of light absorbed are called ...
• The wedge of sediment forming the gentle transition from the outer (lower) edge of the continental slope to the abyssal plain; usually associated with passive margins.
• Which statement best describes Nematoda?
• What is the restoring force for Capillary Waves?
• Pinnipedia includes which marine mammals?
• What is the meteorological feature described as a low-pressure, mid-latitude weather system characterized by converging winds and ascending air that rotates counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere?
• What term describes a large body of air with nearly uniform temperature, humidity, and density?
• Which tide theory assumes Earth is covered by an ocean of great and uniform depth capable of instantaneous response to the gravitational and inertial forces of the sun and moon?
• What is the apparent deflection of a moving object from its initial course due to Earth's rotation, deflecting to the right in the Northern Hemisphere and to the left in the Southern Hemisphere?
• What term refers to a spring of hot, mineral- and gas-rich seawater found on ocean ridges in zones of active seafloor spreading?
• Which term describes a surface wave in which water particles move in closed circles that decrease with depth?
• Local or regional atmospheric disturbances characterized by strong winds often accompanied by precipitation.
• Which term describes a progressive wave that continues to be influenced by the forces that formed it?
• The atmospheric circulation cell centered over each pole.
• What is the term for the total mass of living matter in a given area or ecosystem?
• Which relationship explains why small aquatic organisms exchange substances with their environment more rapidly on a per-gram basis than larger organisms?
• Which term refers to nitrogen present as organic molecules dissolved in water?
• Which term is the highest part of a progressive wave above the average water level?
• Commensalism is best defined as?
• Tide caused by the gravitational and inertial interaction of the sun and Earth.
• Which term refers to the attachment of surfaces or molecules?
• Which feature marks the position of a previously active transform fault and is seismically inactive?
• Which class includes sea cucumbers?
• Which term describes the leaf-like blade of many macroalgae?
• Which structure acts as the anchor for many seaweeds to attach to substrates?
• Which term describes a circular movement of water usually formed where currents pass obstructions or between two adjacent currents?
• Which term is used to denote a plant that produces seeds within a fruit?
• Which term describes organisms capable of movement?
• Which statement distinguishes Platyhelminthes from Nematoda?
• Which term refers to the seabed community and environments?
• Which term describes the skeletons of sharks and rays composed primarily of cartilage?
• Which term describes the bending of waves around obstacles?
• Which tide occurs when Earth, Moon, Sun form a right angle, resulting in the smallest tidal variation?
• In marine ecology, which term describes the physical setting used by an organism to survive?
• Within echinoderms, Ophiuroidea are most closely related to which group?
• Which landform is a sandbank formed parallel to the coast and produced by longshore drift?
• Which term describes the free-swimming life stage of cnidarians?
• Odontoceti are characterized by which feature?
• The abrupt increase in slope at the junction between continental shelf and continental slope.
• What term describes a tidal cycle of one high tide and one low tide per day?
• What term describes the microbial pathway that channels dissolved organic matter back into the food web via bacteria and microzooplankton?
• Density gradient pycnocline layer.
• The sloping transition between the granite of the continent and the basalt of the seabed; the true edge of a continent.
• Which term denotes microscopic algae with silica-based shells that contribute to siliceous ooze?
• Which term refers to the group containing green algae?
• Which term describes water moving into an enclosed harbor when crest approaches?
• What is the theory that the continents move slowly across the Earth's surface?
• A tiny wave with a wavelength less than 1.73 centimeters, whose restoring force is surface tension, is called a Capillary Wave.
• What term describes the wearing away of coastlines by waves, currents, and weathering?
• Which term best describes the layer of gas surrounding a planet?
• What term describes a gyre or current in balance between the Coriolis effect and gravity, literally meaning 'turned by Earth'?
• What is the boundary between two air masses of different density, often caused by differences in temperature and humidity?
• Which term refers to the reef-building ecosystem found in warm, clear marine waters?
• Which term refers to the open-water portion of the ocean's water column, away from the shore and bottom?
• What term is used to describe the formal two-word Latin name given to a species?
• A graph showing the relationship of temperature and salinity with depth.
• Which process turns loose sediment into rock?
• What term describes a flat-topped, submerged, inactive volcano?
• The rigid portion of Earth's mantle below the asthenosphere.
• Which term describes sediment derived from land sources?
• The stalk that supports the blade in kelp is called the
• Which term describes a long stretch of coastline that acts as a sediment-management unit with connected beaches and headlands?
• Which term is used to describe the long-range propagation of sound in the ocean due to refraction in the SOFAR channel?
• Which term best describes the strong, warm, concentrated, fast-moving current along the western boundary of an ocean basin?
• Which landform is an elongated hill of glacial material deposited parallel to glacial movement?
• What term describes a group of waves of similar wavelength and period moving in the same direction across the ocean surface?
• Which term refers to the energy that causes a wave to form?
• Which layer beneath the lithosphere is characterized as the hot, partially molten region that drives plate motion?
• Which term describes a gradual change in wave direction due to varying depths?
• Which term describes a solution with lower solute concentration outside the cell than inside, causing water to move in?
• Which property change defines a halocline in the ocean?
• Which term describes the daytime onshore flow from sea to land as the land heats?
• Which term is used for a basic progressive wave where the wave form travels in one direction along the surface?
• Which term describes an animal whose body temperature matches the environment?
• Addition or subtraction of wave energy as waves interact, also called resonance.
• Which term describes the gently sloping submerged extension of a continent, granitic rock overlain by sediments, with features similar to the edge of the nearby continent?
• What term refers to organisms that thrive in extreme environmental conditions?
• Which term describes the energy-transporting location around which tide crests rotate in some basins?
• The addition of wave energy when waves interact to produce larger waves is known as?
• The irregular imaginary line of thermal equilibrium between hemispheres, situated about 5 degrees North of the geographical equator and its positions changes with the seasons, moving slightly North in northern summer.
• What term describes the tidal levels and character which would result from gravitational effects, e.g. of the Earth, Sun and Moon, without any atmospheric influences?
• For deep-water waves, which relationship holds between velocity C, wavelength L, and period T?
• Which feature is used to remove excess salt in marine animals?
• What is the zone of rising air near the equator known for sultry air and variable breezes?
• Which term describes organisms that regulate their body temperature internally?
• Which term describes the ecological change in community structure over time after a disturbance?
• Passive sonar.
• In the Northern Hemisphere, trade winds blow from which direction?
• Which phenomenon describes a southward flowing warm water current off the western coast of South America caused by breakdown of trade winds?
• Which term describes extremely small plankton, typically less than 2 micrometers, including many cyanobacteria?
• Which term describes a diurnal tide, characterized by one high tide and one low tide each day?
• Simultaneous wind waves of many wavelengths forming a chaotic ocean surface.
• The energy content of food is commonly expressed in kilocalories; one kilocalorie equals 4184 joules.
• Which term describes single-celled photosynthetic organisms?
• Which layer beneath the lithosphere is the hot, plastic region that powers plate tectonics?
• Which structure is a whip-like appendage used by many protists for locomotion?
• What term describes rainfall in the form of rain, hail, or snow?
• Which landform forms at the mouth of a river when sediments are deposited to create a triangular area?
• Which process converts energy from light or sound into heat within a material?
• What is the term for a plane along which rock masses slide horizontally past one another?
• Which term describes a close ecological relationship between two species living in proximity, often affecting both?
• Which term denotes the farthest point in a satellite's orbit from the Sun?
• Which atmospheric circulation cell is the middle cell in each hemisphere, with rising air around 60 degrees latitude and sinking around 30 degrees latitude?
• The layer of Earth between the crust and the core, composed of silicates of iron and magnesium. The mantle has an average density of about 4.5 g/cm^3 and accounts for about 68% of Earth's mass.
• What term denotes a wind-generated wave formed by wind action on the ocean surface?
• Which interaction benefits one organism at the expense of the other?
• What is the outermost solid surface of the Earth beneath ocean floor sediments, composed primarily of basalt?
• Which mollusk class includes snails and slugs?
• Which term describes single-celled algae with calcareous plates that accumulate to form biogenic sediments?
• Which term describes upwelling that occurs adjacent to a coast, usually induced by wind?
• Which landform is a long, narrow hill formed by glacial till aligned in the direction of ice movement?
• What term measures the disorder of a system in thermodynamics?
• What term describes the zones of irregular horizontal surface air circulation near 30 degrees North and 30 degrees South latitudes, where dry air descending from high altitudes can create deserts such as the Sahara?
• Which type of symmetry do most animals, including humans, exhibit?
• Which term refers to the model of tides that postulates an Earth with uniform depth ocean and instantaneous response to solar and lunar gravity?
• Which marine zone lies near the surface over the continental shelf?
• Which term describes a standing wave pattern formed by resonance in a basin due to tidal or meteorological forces?
• What is the region between the breaking waves and the shore called?
• Which scientist is credited with pioneering the understanding of extra-tropical cyclones?
• What term describes the state of the atmosphere at a specific place and time?
• A substance formed from two or more elements chemically combined in fixed proportions is a?
• What term describes periodic shedding of the exoskeleton?
• The temperature at which a liquid turns into a solid is known as what?
• Which term describes an organism that can tolerate a wide range of salinities and is common in estuaries?
• In a marine food web, what term describes a predator at the top of the chain with no natural enemies?
• A wave with wavelength greater than 1.73 cm whose restoring forces are gravity and momentum is called what?
• In the context of air mass boundaries, which term describes the boundary between air masses of different density?
• What is the rigid silica cell wall of diatoms called?
• Speed of advance of a wave train; for deep-water waves, half the speed of individual waves within the group is known as what?
• Which term denotes the layer of the upper ocean where light penetrates and mixing occurs, commonly called the surface layer?
• Rip currents are best described as water moving:
• Which coast type is characterized by retreat and cliff erosion with little sediment deposition?
• What process involves movement within a fluid driven by differences in temperature, leading to mixing?
• What term refers to the submerged outer edge of a continent, made of granitic crust and including the shelf and slope?
• Which progressive wave has particles move in closed circles?
• The body of a seaweed is called a
• A narrow waterway that connects the open sea with a coastal lagoon, often between barrier islands, is called an what?
• Which organism is a crustacean zooplankton commonly found in marine ecosystems?
• Which term describes the largest order of aquatic mammals that includes whales and dolphins?
• Which current study method measures the current as it flows past a fixed object?
• What is a Sand Spit?
• Barrier Islands are:
• What term is the reference level from which tidal height is measured?
• Which group of organisms commonly forms the base of many aquatic food webs and performs photosynthesis?
• Which term describes the stalk-like structure that supports the blades in some large seaweeds?
• Desiccation is best described as?
• Which term describes a tide that is influenced by weather and can be affected by storm surge or wind?
• Deep-ocean floor made of basaltic crust.
• Brackish water is best described as water with what salinity range?
• Which term is the deep-ocean floor made of basaltic crust?
• Which process describes the mixing of two water masses with identical densities but different temperatures and salinities, resulting in a denser mixture?
• Dissolved Organic Nitrogen refers to organic nitrogen compounds dissolved in water.
• The branch of geology that deals with the arrangement of sedimentary layers and their relative ages is called?
• Which group comprises cartilaginous fishes like sharks and rays?
• What term describes the condition in which total heat entering a system equals total heat leaving?
• Which sediment is an ooze composed mostly of hard remains of organisms containing calcium carbonate?
• Which term describes a flowering land plant that produces seeds enclosed in an ovary?
• Which term denotes a small glassy particle formed by meteorite impact and found in ocean sediments?
• Which discipline focuses on the order of rock layers and their relative ages?
• What term describes the solid masses of the continents, composed mainly of granite?
• Which tidal pattern has two high tides and two low tides each lunar day, with the highs nearly equal in height?
• Antarctic Bottom Water forms primarily in which area?
• Ocean wave conditions at a specific place and time, usually stated in the Beaufort scale.
• What is the term for a heritable change in the DNA sequence?
• Platyhelminthes are best described as
• Which process enables certain microorganisms to synthesize organic matter using energy derived from chemical reactions, not sunlight?
• The subtraction of wave energy as waves interact, producing smaller waves is known as what?
• Which organism group is composed of porous bodies with choanocytes and no true tissues?
• Which term is the height-to-wavelength ratio representing the theoretical maximum steepness in shallow water?
• The continental margin near an area of lithospheric plate divergence; also called an Atlantic-type margin.
• Area of irregular, seismically inactive topography marking the position of a once-active transform fault.
• Which term describes the slowing and bending of progressive waves in shallow water?
• The high-water position corresponding to a tidal crest is called what?
• The time of greatest variation between high and low tides occurring when Earth, moon, sun form a straight line. Spring tides alternate with neap tides throughout the year, occurring at two-week intervals.
• Which group includes organisms that can swim and move independently in the pelagic zone?
• What is the buoyancy organ in many bony fishes?
• A diagram showing the distribution of energy or biomass among trophic levels in an ecosystem is called a ...
• Cephalopoda, a class containing octopus and squid, belongs to which phylum?
• Which term denotes small free-floating animals in aquatic ecosystems?
• Which coastal structure is built perpendicular to the shoreline to trap sand on the updrift side?
• What term describes substances required by living organisms in relatively large amounts for growth and metabolism, such as nitrates and phosphates?
• Which ocean current is driven by powerful westerly winds north of Antarctica and is the largest ocean current, continuing permanently eastward?
• Which seafloor feature is a circular or elliptical projection rising more than 1 kilometer with a steep slope?
• In a Salt Wedge Estuary, which describes the salinity arrangement?
• An atoll is best described as:
• What term describes the evolution of similar traits in unrelated species due to similar environmental pressures?
• Which term refers to a device used to collect sediment samples by clamshell action?
• Which theory/model of tides accounts for finite ocean depth, basin resonances, and the interference of continents on tide waves?
• Which term refers to the long-range underwater sound channel used for detection at great distances?
• Water circulation produced by differences in temperature and/or salinity (and therefore density).
• The unit used to express water temperature on the Celsius scale is?
• Which biological process converts light energy into chemical energy, producing organic matter from carbon dioxide and water?
• A Sea Island is best described as:
• Boundary between the polar cell and the Ferrel cell in each hemisphere.
• Which term refers to the continental margin near an area of lithospheric plate convergence, also known as the Pacific-type Margin?
• A high, often breaking wave generated by a tide crest that advances rapidly up an estuary or river.
• Osteichthyes are defined by
• Refractive Index.
• Which statement correctly defines a biological community?
• What term refers to inherited traits that improve an organism's fitness in a given environment?
• Which term describes the point in a satellite's orbit where it is closest to the main body?
• Which term describes the maximum wave height achievable under a given wind condition?
• One of several periods of relatively low temperature during the last million years that lowered sea level by at least 100 meters.
• Which term describes the raised, flat area at the back of a beach formed by ongoing sediment deposition?
• Which relationship benefits both species?
• Which term describes planktonic organisms large enough to be seen with the naked eye, such as jellyfish?
• The canonical Ekman transport is 90 degrees to the right of the wind in which hemisphere?
• A thermostatic property is defined as:
• What does high thermal inertia imply for ocean temperature in response to heat input?
• The mass movement of air is defined as what?
• Which term refers to the subphylum that includes lobsters and shrimps?
• Which term describes the uppermost ocean layer affected by wind mixing and sunlight?
• Which fjord that has an estuarine environment at its mouth?
• Which term refers to animals with a spinal column?
• A device that measures the amount and direction of residual magnetism in a rock sample.
• The notochord is best described as
• A density curve of seawater typically shows density...
• Which term describes the ability of a substance to store thermal energy, defined as the amount of heat required to raise its temperature by 1 degree Celsius?
• Which landform is a sandbank that runs roughly parallel to the shoreline and is formed by the deposition from longshore drift?
• What is the name for the zone between the polar cell and the Ferrel cell?
• Which coastal vegetation is adapted to saturated soils and typically has pneumatophores?
• Movement of air off shore as marine air heats and rises.
• Which term describes organisms that spend their entire life cycle as plankton?
• What term describes non-living environmental influences such as temperature and light that shape organisms' life processes?
• What term describes a progressive wave under the continuing influence of the forces that formed it?
• What is the term for the rigid mantle layer situated below the asthenosphere?
• What term is the point in a satellite's orbit where it is farthest from the Sun?
• Which term denotes the class that includes humans and whales?
• In biology, who is credited with developing the binomial scientific naming system?
• What term is the valley between wave crests below the average water level in a progressive wave?
• Which coastal ecosystem is built by colonies of corals in warm, shallow seas?
• Which subatomic particle has positive charge?
• Backshore zones are typically exposed to waves under which conditions?
• In addition to the five gyres, which major current is recognized around Antarctica?
• Which estuary condition describes a body of water with uniform salinity due to strong mixing?
• Osmoregulation refers to
• Which type of bond involves sharing electrons between atoms?
• What term refers to mature wind-driven waves of one wavelength that form orderly undulations on the ocean surface?
• What is the sedimentary bed deposited by turbidity currents called?
• Which term explains the separation of waves by wavelength as they propagate away from where they formed?
• Which phylum includes earthworms and leeches?
• Which statement best defines temperature in the context of oceanography?
• What is a thermocline in the ocean?
• Which term describes the calcareous or siliceous shells of microscopic marine organisms that accumulate on the seafloor?
• Which ocean zone is characterized by little to no sunlight?
• Which term describes sediment formed from extraterrestrial matter such as tektites?
• Brown algae are classified in which phylum?
• What term is the time between successive wave crests passing a fixed point?
• Which phylum contains the class Cephalopoda?
• Which term refers to a solution with higher solute concentration outside the cell, causing water to move out?
• The longshore transport of sediment along a shoreline, driven by oblique waves, is known as what?
• Which term refers to very small free-floating photosynthetic organisms that often dominate open-ocean surface waters?
• Which term describes the filter-feeding structures in baleen whales?
• Which breaking wave topples forward and forms an air-filled tube?
• Which term describes the mass flow of water linked to the passage of tidal crests or troughs?
• Which scientist (1862-1951) pioneered the understanding of extra-tropical cyclones?
• Which formula relates wave phase speed C to gravity g and depth d for shallow-water waves?
• Mass flow of water; the term is usually reserved for horizontal movement.
• Which term denotes the deepest oceanic zone?
• A ridge or mound of unconsolidated debris deposited by a glacier is called what?
• Which statement about euryhaline organisms is correct?
• What refers to the vertical distance between a crest and the adjacent troughs?
• What term describes random heritable changes in DNA that can lead to new traits?